Every 300 ms, the researchers load a new packet of rubidium atoms into the trap, cool them to around 1 mK and excite them from the 5S energy level to the 32S Rydberg state using lasers. They then ...
More information: Noah Schlossberger et al, Primary quantum thermometry of mm-wave blackbody radiation via induced state transfer in Rydberg states of cold atoms, Physical Review Research (2025).