Modern continental rocks carry chemical signatures from the very start of our planet's history, challenging current theories about plate tectonics.

Seismic mapping of North America has revealed that an ancient slab of crust buried beneath the Midwest is causing the crust ...

The discovery of a 480-million-year-old sponge in China has revolutionized scientists’ understanding of early reef ecosystems ...

MINERALS Pakistan is endowed with rich and vast deposits of many minerals and metals. However, for a variety of reasons, the focus remains on exploration, mining, and developing reserves for precious ...