In addition to protecting Europe from eastern invasions, maintaining Greek and Roman languages, producing fine art with distinctive style, protecting the Christian Orthodox Church, the Byzantine ...

Simon Sebag Montefiore charts the rise of Istanbul from pagan trading post to capital of three empires and two religions, becoming not only holy but the most coveted city in the world.

The city’s complex history is clearly evident in its fortifications, palaces, churches, convents, houses, streets and public squares. Mystras’ distinct architecture is influenced by the so-called ...

"The trade exchange with the west is not only a sign of luxury and wealth, but it also indicates that the city’s orientation was directed towards the west until the region was passed out of Byzantine ...