Individual leopard seals specialize in specific prey types despite being generalist species, reshaping ecosystem dynamics.

Through the use of acoustic data deeper than 200 m and considering the open-ocean areas between 40° N and 40° S with bottom depth deeper than 1,000 m and trophic levels 3–3.5 this analysis ...

NASA’s satellites have been photographing the open ocean. Three oceanographers from Duke used this data to examine how the ...

Trophic level: 4: Organism: Sea lions: Total biomass (kg) 0.017: Percentage biomass transferred: 11.3: Calculating efficiency. Question. A bullock has eaten 10 kg of biomass in the form of grass ...

Just in time for summer, the megalodon—the ancient, city bus-sized shark known as the “Megatooth”—has reared its ravenous snout. While the oceans are now safe from the Megatooth, which went extinct an ...

Ars Technica has been separating the signal from the noise for over 25 years. With our unique combination of technical savvy and wide-ranging interest in the technological arts and sciences, Ars ...

In fact, sea urchins replaced fish at the lower trophic levels, and sea urchins are a direct prey source for some mid-trophic level fish, like wrasse and triggerfish.

The trophic levels of the fish people eat has fallen, from 2.88 in 1961 to 2.69 in 2009. That’s because fisheries around the world have been catching fewer big predator fish, in part because of ...

Same with lead if concentrations go beyond a certain value. We really don’t understand how well lead is taken up by organisms and if it is bioaccumulative in nature with every passing trophic level.