Large, robust, lens-shaped microfossils from the approximately 3.4 billion-year-old Kromberg Formation of the Kaapvaal Craton in eastern South Africa are not only among the oldest elaborate ...

The Pilbara Craton is one of only two pieces of crust known to date back to the Archaean Eon (3.8 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) and hosts some of the oldest rocks on our planet.

The tomography also reveals a region of relatively low seismic velocity across the north of the Kaapvaal craton. This anomaly underlies the Bushveld intrusion, which was formed around 2 billion ...

The deep mantles in Kaapvaal craton area contain compositions of light O isotope, and the negative correlation between δ66Zn and δ26Mg of Type II ecogites, reflecting kinetic isotopic ...

However, the Kaapvaal Craton is located in the Limpopo Province in north-east South Africa, so how did the gold move several hundred kilometres from there to get to the Witwatersrand basin in Gauteng?